REPRESENTASI AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM ANIMASI МИЛЛИОНЕР (MILLIONER) SEBAGAI BENTUK PROPAGANDA UNI SOVIET PADA ERA PERANG DINGIN
Abstract
Animation is generally used as a medium of entertainment. However, the Soviet Union used animation as a propaganda medium that combined the production of visual images, narration and sound to build enemy framing and lead public perception of the United States during the Cold War era. This research discusses the representation of the United States in the animated film Миллионер (The Millionaire) made by the Soviet Union as a form of propaganda. This article aims to show how the Soviet Union represented the United States as a negative things in an effort to carry out propaganda. Stuart Hall’s representational theory suggests that meaning is produced by language. Based on the presentation of the representation of the United States in the animation Миллионер (The Millionaire) it is known that the animation has a role as a propaganda tool for the Soviet Union to criticize US imperialism and shape public opinion towards a more negative depiction of America. The United States is portrayed as a country of antagonistic, capitalist, industrialist, careless and greedy bourgeoisie.
Abstrak
Animasi secara umum digunakan sebagai media hiburan. Akan tetapi, Uni Soviet menggunakan animasi sebagai media propaganda yang memadukan produksi citra visual, narasi, dan suara untuk membangun framing musuh dan menggiring persepsi publik terhadap Amerika Serikat pada era Perang Dingin. Penelitian ini membahas representasi Amerika Serikat dalam film animasi Миллионер (Millioner) yang dibuat oleh Uni Soviet sebagai bentuk propaganda. Artikel ini bertujuan menunjukkan cara Uni Soviet merepresentasikan Amerika Serikat sebagai hal yang negatif dalam upaya melakukan propaganda. Teori representasi Stuart Hall menunjukkan bahwa makna diproduksi oleh bahasa. Berdasarkan pemaparan representasi Amerika Serikat dalam animasi Миллионер (Millioner) diketahui bahwa animasi tersebut memiliki peran sebagai alat propaganda Uni Soviet untuk mengkritik imperialisme Amerika Serikat dan membentuk opini publik terhadap penggambaran Amerika ke arah yang lebih negatif. Amerika Serikat digambarkan sebagai negara kaum borjuis yang antagonis, kapitalis, industrialis, ceroboh, dan serakah.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Afiantari, Amanda. (2014). Animasi Sleeping Beauty sebagai Propaganda Disney dalam Menentang Gerakan Women's Lib di Amerika. [Tesis]. Depok: Universitas Indonesia
Asfar, A.M.Irfan. (2019). Analisis Naratif, Analisis Konten, dan Analisis Semiotik (Penelitian Kualitatif). 10.13140/RG.2.2.21963.41767.
Ball, Alan. (2003). Imagining America: Influence and Images in Twentieth-Century Russia. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
Bell, D. (1972). The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 6(1/2), 11-38.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3331409
Bol'shakov, I. G. (1947). God Perestroĭki [The Year of Perestroika]. Iskusstvo kino, no. 6,
Chegodaeva, Mariia. (2003). Mass Culture and Socialist Realism. Russian Studies in History. Vol. 42 (2), p. 49-65. ISSN 1061-1983.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10611983.2003.11060987
Dalam https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=VrHLOGMT_kM (diakses pada Februari 2023)
Goon Cartoon. (2017). Animated Soviet Propaganda American Imperialist The Millionaire Cold War Cartoon. [YouTube].
Hall, Stuart. (1997). Representat'ion Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. The Open University.
Hlavacek, Laura P. (2009). Russian Animated Films of The 1960s As A Reflection Of The Thaw: Ambiguities And Violation Of Boundaries In Story Of A Crime. Studies in Russian and Soviet Cinema, 3:1, 53-70. DOI: 10.1386/srsc.3.1.53_1
https://doi.org/10.1386/srsc.3.1.53_1
Krawatzek, F., & Frieß, N. (2022). A Foundation for Russia? Memories of World War II for Young Russians. Nationalities Papers, 1-21. doi:10.1017/nps.2022.12
https://doi.org/10.1017/nps.2022.12
MacFadyen, D. (2005). Yellow Crocodiles and Blue Oranges: Russian Animated Film since World War II. McGill-Queen's University Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zws1
https://doi.org/10.1515/9780773572720
MacMillen, I., & Kowel, M. (2015). Cartoon Jazz: Soviet Animations and the Khrushchev "Thaw". Film & History 45.2
https://doi.org/10.1353/flm.2015.a604516
McKenna, Kevin. (2001). All the Views Fit To Print: Changing Images Of The U.S. In Pravda Political Cartoons, 1917-1991. New York: Peter Lang.
Nadzhafova, D. G. (2005). Plan of Measures to Strengthen Anti-American Propaganda in The Near Future. Democracy Foundation, pp. 321-325.
Paretskaya, A. (2010). The Soviet Communist Party and the Other Spirit of Capitalism. Sociological Theory, 28(4), 377-401. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41057689
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9558.2010.01382.x
Putri, Karima Rakhma. (2017). Propaganda anti Jepang dalam film animasi Amerika Serikat Era Perang Dunia II: Analisis Semiotik pada Film The Ducktator (1942) dan Tokio jokio (1943). [Skripsi]. Sastra Jepang, Universitas Indonesia. Dalam https://library.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20458467&lokasi=lokal
Riabov, O., & Riabova, T. (2021). Images of urban space in constructing the Cold War enemy: American skyscrapers in Soviet animation. Studies in Russian and Soviet Cinema. Vol. 15 (2), p.122-138.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17503132.2021.1905792
Rozali, Yuli A. (2022). Penggunaan Analisis Konten Dan Analisis Tematik. Forum Ilmiah. Volume 19 (1).
Schwartz, Morton. (1978). Soviet Perceptions of the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press.
https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520330849
Sevindi, Koray. (April 2021). Ideological Discourse Analysis in Soviet Animation Cinema. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication - Tojdac. Vol. 11 (2), p.594-605. ISSN: 2146-5193
https://doi.org/10.7456/11102100/017
Shaw, Tony. (2010). Cinematic Cold War: The American and Soviet Struggle for Hearts and Minds. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas
Yuri Leving. (2011). Mr. Twister in the Land of the Bolsheviks: Sketching Laughter in Marshak's Poem. Slavic Review, 70 (2), 279-306. https://doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.70.2.0279
https://doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.70.2.0279
Zake, I. (2010). Soviet Campaigns against "Capitalist Ideological Subversives" during the Cold War: The Latvian Experience. Journal of Cold War Studies, 12(3), 91-114. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26923381
https://doi.org/10.1162/JCWS_a_00007
Zebua, Aulia Rahman. (2018). Komunikasi Propaganda Dalam Film (Analisis Teknik Komunikasi Propaganda dalam Film The Hunger Games Catching Fire Karya Francis Lawrence. [Skripsi]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51817/susastra.v12i1.96
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
SUSASTRA: jurnal Ilmu Susastra dan Budaya is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
SUSASTRA: jurnal Ilmu Susastra dan Budaya Indexed in:
| ||||